Optimal sizing of the fuel cell vehicle powertrain considering safety of water content

The sizing design is key to activating the performance advantages of the hydrogen-electric hybrid system (HEHS), as well as a prerequisite for ensuring the safe operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV). However, although water content is crucial to fuel cell (FC) safety, there is relatively little research on it, especially in sizing design. To fill this gap, this paper analyzes permissible boundaries and the safety boundaries of water content, and establishes its safety quantification model. Moreover, safety models for the FC and battery are further constructed. Based on this, a hierarchical framework integrating static sizing and dynamic power distribution is proposed to improve the HEHS safety. The simulation results show that the optimal configuration for the FC and battery is 90 kW and 30 kWh, respectively. Under this configuration, the state of safety (SoS) of the HEHS is improved by 19.44%, at the cost of a 7.85% reduction in economic performance.