Optimal pulsed guidance law with terminal impact angle constraint

An optimal pulsed guidance law with a time-varying weighted quadratic cost function that enables imposing a predetermined intercept angle is presented. Due to the characteristic of impulse force, admissible variance of control is redefined. The optimal pulsed guidance law is deduced via extended maximum principle. The optimal pulsed guidance law is eventually transformed to solve the two-point boundary value problem. To decide a shooting point, an efficient algorithm is proposed by combining particle swarm optimization and Kriging surrogate model method. The optimal pulsed guidance law is implemented in several representative engagements. From simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed guidance law can achieve small miss distance with terminal impact angle constraint under different conditions. Moreover, the performance of the proposed guidance law is satisfactory with the comparison of sliding-mode pulsed guidance law.