Numerical simulation analysis of pressure resistance performance of ship stern shaft seal based on magnetic fluid

The shaft seal structure is a key component of mechanical systems, and its sealing performance directly affects the environmental friendliness, sustainability, safety, and reliability of mechanical equipment. Traditional mechanical seals are prone to wear and leakage during long-term operation. Therefore, this article proposes magnetic fluid sealing as an alternative solution. Based on Maxwell's equations, COMSOL multi physics simulation and MATLAB were used for numerical simulation and data analysis, with a focus on studying the relationship between pole tooth width, pole tooth height, sealing clearance, shaft diameter, magnetic induction intensity, and structural pressure resistance value. The research results indicate that the sealing gap has a significant impact on the pressure resistance value of the structure and is the most sensitive parameter affecting the magnetic induction intensity of the structure. The width and height of the pole teeth have a relatively small impact on the fluctuation of the withstand voltage value. Having a magnetic axis radius of 24mm or more can significantly improve the pressure resistance of the structure. Therefore, by optimizing the sealing gap, designing suitable magnetic shafts and polar tooth structures, the pressure resistance performance can be effectively improved, leakage can be reduced, and the environmental friendliness, safety, and reliability of the equipment can be enhanced. This study provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for the application of magnetohydrodynamic sealing technology in the mechanical field.