Multiple synergistic effects of indole derivative modified fluorinated acrylate polymer and Z-scheme heterojunction over hollow spherical Mo₂C/Bi₂WO₆ for efficient antifouling

Micro-dynamic photocatalytic antifouling film based on the construction of heterojunction structure and built-in electric field to solve the insufficient antifouling efficiency of photocatalysis and polymers. Herein, a novel Z-scheme heterojunction hollow photocatalyst Mo₂C/Bi₂WO₆ (MB) was prepared and combined with indole derivative modified fluorinated acrylate to construct Mo₂C/Bi₂WO₆/AFIP (MB/AFIP) micro-dynamic composite film. The MB/AFIP film exhibited excellent antifouling performance, and the inhibition ratios against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 95.20% and 98.52%, respectively, and the anti-settling ratio against Halamphora sp. was 98.58%. The multi-enhanced antifouling performance is attributed to the built-in electric field assisted charge transfer between the Mo₂C and Bi₂WO₆, and the increasing carrier separation via the fluorine component in the polymer. In addition, indole derivative grafted onto fluorinated acrylate polymer further enhanced the antifouling performance. The integration of the environmentally friendly antifouling resin AFIP, the internal hollow photothermal material Mo₂C, and the typical photocatalyst Bi₂WO₆ realized multiple synergistic mechanisms, which has potential application prospects in the field of marine antifouling.