Multi-objective charging scheduling for electric vehicles at charging stations with renewable energy generation

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years has posed significant challenges to the safe operation of local grids, particularly due to massive charging operations at public charging stations. This paper proposes a real-time charging scheduling scheme to enable efficient Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) interactions and facilitate renewable energy integration at public charging stations while accounting for real-world EV charging behaviors. First, an EV charging/discharging behavior database is developed to capture the temporal uncertainty and charging characteristics of both fast- and slow-charging operations on weekdays and weekends. Then a charging pile allocation mechanism is introduced to optimize the charging power distribution for each EV to maximize the operational efficiency of the studied charging station. A micro-grid system model is developed by incorporating efficient V2G interactions and renewable energy integration. Finally, a comprehensive charging scheduling scheme is proposed to achieve a balanced optimization of multiple objectives. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheduling method. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves strong performance across all three selected indicators.