Multi-Element Localization and Spatial Mapping in Hybrid Wargaming Using an Integrated Hierarchical Approach

Minglei Han; Xinwei Wu; Tianhao Wang; Hui Chen; Zhentao Guo; Hongbin Ma; Jianwei Lv

doi:10.1007/978-981-95-6739-3_42

Multi-Element Localization and Spatial Mapping in Hybrid Wargaming Using an Integrated Hierarchical Approach

Minglei Han
, Xinwei Wu
, Tianhao Wang
, Hui Chen
, Zhentao Guo
, Hongbin Ma^*
, Jianwei Lv^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Automation

Beijing Institute of Technology
National Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems
Beijing Institute of Control and Electronics Technology

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Wargaming has long been a critical tool in command and control, widely recognized by military and defense communities for enhancing understanding, improving foresight, and fostering innovation in warfare. Hybrid wargaming integrates the strengths of manual wargaming and computerized wargaming, and has emerged as a novel paradigm in wargaming community. However, in hybrid wargaming systems, achieving real-time localization of multiple physical elements and maintaining their spatial consistency between the live and virtual battlefields remain significant challenges. To address these issues, this paper proposes an Integrated Spatial Mapping Framework (ISMF) and a dedicated Multi-Element Spatial Mapping System (MESMS) prototype system that provides precise localization and spatial consistency across heterogeneous elements. The effectiveness of the proposed method and prototype system is demonstrated through evaluation in a practical hybrid wargaming scenario.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics - 9th International Workshop, IWACIII 2025, Proceedings
Editors	Hongbin Ma, Bin Xin, Jinhua She, Guiping Lu
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	575-592
Number of pages	18
ISBN (Print)	9789819567386
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-6739-3_42
Publication status	Published - 2026
Event	9th International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, IWACIII 2025 - Zhuhai, China Duration: 31 Oct 2025 → 4 Nov 2025

Publication series

Name	Communications in Computer and Information Science
Volume	2783 CCIS
ISSN (Print)	1865-0929
ISSN (Electronic)	1865-0937

Conference

Conference	9th International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, IWACIII 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Zhuhai
Period	31/10/25 → 4/11/25

Keywords

Hybrid Wargaming
Indoor Localization
Spatial Consistency

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-95-6739-3_42

Cite this

Han, M., Wu, X., Wang, T., Chen, H., Guo, Z., Ma, H., & Lv, J. (2026). Multi-Element Localization and Spatial Mapping in Hybrid Wargaming Using an Integrated Hierarchical Approach. In H. Ma, B. Xin, J. She, & G. Lu (Eds.), Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics - 9th International Workshop, IWACIII 2025, Proceedings (pp. 575-592). (Communications in Computer and Information Science; Vol. 2783 CCIS). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-6739-3_42

Han, Minglei ; Wu, Xinwei ; Wang, Tianhao et al. / Multi-Element Localization and Spatial Mapping in Hybrid Wargaming Using an Integrated Hierarchical Approach. Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics - 9th International Workshop, IWACIII 2025, Proceedings. editor / Hongbin Ma ; Bin Xin ; Jinhua She ; Guiping Lu. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. pp. 575-592 (Communications in Computer and Information Science).

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title = "Multi-Element Localization and Spatial Mapping in Hybrid Wargaming Using an Integrated Hierarchical Approach",

abstract = "Wargaming has long been a critical tool in command and control, widely recognized by military and defense communities for enhancing understanding, improving foresight, and fostering innovation in warfare. Hybrid wargaming integrates the strengths of manual wargaming and computerized wargaming, and has emerged as a novel paradigm in wargaming community. However, in hybrid wargaming systems, achieving real-time localization of multiple physical elements and maintaining their spatial consistency between the live and virtual battlefields remain significant challenges. To address these issues, this paper proposes an Integrated Spatial Mapping Framework (ISMF) and a dedicated Multi-Element Spatial Mapping System (MESMS) prototype system that provides precise localization and spatial consistency across heterogeneous elements. The effectiveness of the proposed method and prototype system is demonstrated through evaluation in a practical hybrid wargaming scenario.",

keywords = "Hybrid Wargaming, Indoor Localization, Spatial Consistency",

author = "Minglei Han and Xinwei Wu and Tianhao Wang and Hui Chen and Zhentao Guo and Hongbin Ma and Jianwei Lv",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.; 9th International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, IWACIII 2025 ; Conference date: 31-10-2025 Through 04-11-2025",

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Han, M, Wu, X, Wang, T, Chen, H, Guo, Z, Ma, H & Lv, J 2026, Multi-Element Localization and Spatial Mapping in Hybrid Wargaming Using an Integrated Hierarchical Approach. in H Ma, B Xin, J She & G Lu (eds), Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics - 9th International Workshop, IWACIII 2025, Proceedings. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 2783 CCIS, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 575-592, 9th International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, IWACIII 2025, Zhuhai, China, 31/10/25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-6739-3_42

Multi-Element Localization and Spatial Mapping in Hybrid Wargaming Using an Integrated Hierarchical Approach. / Han, Minglei; Wu, Xinwei; Wang, Tianhao et al.
Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics - 9th International Workshop, IWACIII 2025, Proceedings. ed. / Hongbin Ma; Bin Xin; Jinhua She; Guiping Lu. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. p. 575-592 (Communications in Computer and Information Science; Vol. 2783 CCIS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

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AU - Han, Minglei

AU - Wu, Xinwei

AU - Wang, Tianhao

AU - Chen, Hui

AU - Guo, Zhentao

AU - Ma, Hongbin

AU - Lv, Jianwei

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Wargaming has long been a critical tool in command and control, widely recognized by military and defense communities for enhancing understanding, improving foresight, and fostering innovation in warfare. Hybrid wargaming integrates the strengths of manual wargaming and computerized wargaming, and has emerged as a novel paradigm in wargaming community. However, in hybrid wargaming systems, achieving real-time localization of multiple physical elements and maintaining their spatial consistency between the live and virtual battlefields remain significant challenges. To address these issues, this paper proposes an Integrated Spatial Mapping Framework (ISMF) and a dedicated Multi-Element Spatial Mapping System (MESMS) prototype system that provides precise localization and spatial consistency across heterogeneous elements. The effectiveness of the proposed method and prototype system is demonstrated through evaluation in a practical hybrid wargaming scenario.

AB - Wargaming has long been a critical tool in command and control, widely recognized by military and defense communities for enhancing understanding, improving foresight, and fostering innovation in warfare. Hybrid wargaming integrates the strengths of manual wargaming and computerized wargaming, and has emerged as a novel paradigm in wargaming community. However, in hybrid wargaming systems, achieving real-time localization of multiple physical elements and maintaining their spatial consistency between the live and virtual battlefields remain significant challenges. To address these issues, this paper proposes an Integrated Spatial Mapping Framework (ISMF) and a dedicated Multi-Element Spatial Mapping System (MESMS) prototype system that provides precise localization and spatial consistency across heterogeneous elements. The effectiveness of the proposed method and prototype system is demonstrated through evaluation in a practical hybrid wargaming scenario.

KW - Hybrid Wargaming

KW - Indoor Localization

KW - Spatial Consistency

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M3 - Conference contribution

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T3 - Communications in Computer and Information Science

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BT - Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics - 9th International Workshop, IWACIII 2025, Proceedings

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A2 - She, Jinhua

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PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

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Y2 - 31 October 2025 through 4 November 2025

ER -

Han M, Wu X, Wang T, Chen H, Guo Z, Ma H et al. Multi-Element Localization and Spatial Mapping in Hybrid Wargaming Using an Integrated Hierarchical Approach. In Ma H, Xin B, She J, Lu G, editors, Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics - 9th International Workshop, IWACIII 2025, Proceedings. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2026. p. 575-592. (Communications in Computer and Information Science). doi: 10.1007/978-981-95-6739-3_42