Molecular mechanisms of lncRNA NEAT1 in the pathogenesis of liver-related diseases, with special focus on therapeutic approaches

Liver diseases are a major worldwide health concern, with high rates of dysfunction and mortality. In recent years, a variety of lncRNAs have been studied and discovered to be engaged in numerous cellular-level regulatory mechanisms as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which play a significant role in the development of liver-related diseases. A class of RNA molecules known as lncRNAs, which are over 200 nucleotides long, do not translate into proteins. Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a type of lncRNA that has a critical function in paraspeckles formation and stability. NEAT1 levels are consistently found to be higher than normal in a number of different types of diseases, as well as patients who have high levels of NEAT1 expression often have a poor prognosis. The significance and mode of action of NEAT1 in liver illnesses, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), viral hepatitis, and liver injury, are becoming more widely known. In this review, we highlighted significant recent studies concerning the various roles of lncRNA NEAT1 in hepatic diseases. As well as, we reviewed novel therapeutic potential of lncRNAs in several liver-related diseases.