Modulating the Asymmetric Atomic Interface of Copper Single Atoms for Efficient CO₂ Electroreduction

Cu single-atom catalysts (Cu SACs) have been considered as promising catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reactions (ECRRs). However, the reports on Cu SACs with an asymmetric atomic interface to obtain CO are few. Herein, we rationally designed two Cu SACs with different asymmetric atomic interfaces to explore their catalytic performance. The catalyst of CuN₃O/C delivers high ECRR selectivity with an FE_CO value of above 90% in a wide potential window from −0.5 to −0.9 V vs RHE (in particular, 96% at −0.8 V), while CuCO₃/C delivers poor selectivity for CO production with a maximum FE_CO value of only 20.0% at −0.5 V vs RHE. Besides, CuN₃O/C exhibited a large turnover frequency (TOF) up to 2782.6 h^-1 at −0.9 V vs RHE, which is much better than the maximum 4.8 h^-1 of CuCO₃/C. Density functional theory (DFT) results demonstrate that the CuN₃O site needs a lower Gibbs free energy than CuCO₃ in the rate-determining step of CO desorption, leading to the outstanding performance of CuN₃O/C on the process of ECRR-to-CO. This work provides an efficient strategy to improve the selectivity and activity of the ECRR via regulating asymmetric atomic interfaces of SACs by adjusting the coordination atoms.