Modeling and Analysis of Air-Sea Communication Channel

Modeling the air-sea communication channel is critical for offshore scenarios, particularly in ship-UAV communications. Existing models often rely on theoretical simulations, leading to gaps in accuracy under dynamic marine conditions. This paper proposes an improved air-sea channel model incorporating real-world UAV and ship motion trajectories, environmental parameters (e.g., wind speed, wave dynamics), and antenna characteristics. The model integrates free-space path loss, atmospheric attenuation, evaporative waveguide effects, and antenna gain variations to dynamically calculate path loss, received power, Doppler shift, and bit error rate (BER). Results show path loss ranges from 101.89 dB to 109.43 dB, with evaporative waveguide effects and antenna gain changes significantly impacting signal quality. Doppler shifts up to 17.95 Hz andBER fluctuations (10^-12 to 10^-3) highlight the need for adaptive compensation techniques like MIMO and beamforming. The model demonstrates strong alignment with real-world scenarios, offering a practical tool for designing and optimizing offshore communication systems, especially in dynamic maritime environments.