Microwave permittivity and permeability experiments in high-loss dielectrics: Caution with implicit Fabry-Pérot resonance for negative imaginary permeability

Various materials have been examined to obtain permittivity and permeability values required for detailed investigations on functional materials like microwave-absorbing and high-permittivity dielectrics. We call for caution when samples exhibit negative imaginary permeability, whether containing a resonance peak or not. In the retrieval procedure, the Fabry-Pérot resonance (FPR) can produce a negative imaginary permeability, which should be classified as an extrinsic rather than an intrinsic physical attribute. In particular, for high-loss materials, the implicit FPR would bring a plausible negative imaginary permeability. Here we have listed a dielectric dispersion of FPR behavior for BiFeO₃ samples.