Manganese-based polyanionic cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries with high energy and long lifespan

Sodium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly popular since they are cost-effective and utilize abundant raw materials. The cathode is crucial in determining energy storage capability of the battery. Polyanionic compounds exhibit great potential as cathode materials due to their stable three-dimensional structure, high working voltage, and intrinsic safety. Although there has been scholarly interest in vanadium and iron-based polyanionic compounds, their practical application has been delayed due to environmental concerns or poor energy density. Manganese-based polyanionic compounds are becoming strong candidates because they are cost-effective, have high voltage capabilities, and are environmentally friendly. In recent years, there have been notable advancements in this field. This study examines the present level of research on manganese-based polyanionic compounds of fluorophosphates, pyrophosphate, sulphates, silicates and mixed type materials, emphasizing the difficulties they encountered in terms of their structure, morphology, and electrochemical characteristics. Additionally, it explores potential future paths for progress and proposes solutions to overcome significant obstacles. The objective is to entice further researchers to investigate the practical uses of these materials, ultimately resulting in enhanced battery technology, promoting the large-scale application of the Manganese-based polyanionic cathodes materials in energy storage system.