Linearity calibration of high-g accelerometer based on the impact mechanism of air cannon

Precise control of high-impact excitation parameters represents a key challenge in the linearity calibration of high-g accelerometers. This study presents a dimensional analysis-based dynamic calibration methodology that addresses the critical challenge of synergistic control between peak acceleration (A_p) and pulse duration (τ). By integrating air cannon impact tests with LS-DYNA dynamic simulations, the predictive models for A_p and τ were established. Across the acceleration range of 1.0 × 10⁴ g to 1.5 × 10⁵ g, these models achieve a maximum prediction error of less than 6%, thereby overcoming the significant randomness inherent in conventional air cannon calibration methods. By implementing inverse regulation of loading parameters guided by this model, high-g excitation signals with controlled waveforms were successfully generated. Calibration of high-g accelerometers under these conditions yielded a maximum linearity deviation of just 4.4%, confirming its excellent measurement accuracy. The proposed method achieves measurement uncertainty below 2.2%, establishing an efficient and reproducible framework for high-g accelerometer performance evaluation.