Iterative finite element method for determining Young's modulus of optical glass at high temperatures

Accurate determination of Young's modulus E of optical glass at high temperatures is crucial for optimizing precision glass molding processes. To address the challenge of measuring E for low-T_g glass M-FDS2 above its softening point T_s, this study proposes an iterative finite element method (i-FEM) integrating the creep-compression test (CCT) and impulse excitation technique (IET). The i-FEM framework iteratively corrects E at molding temperature T_m by minimizing discrepancies between FEM simulations and experimental CCT data, achieving a significant reduction in lens profile prediction errors. This approach provides a technical reference for high-temperature material characterization applicable to glasses and viscoelastic polymers.