Integration of triboelectric sensing and electromagnetic energy harvesting for self-adaptive vibration suppression

There has been growing interest in using self-adjusting damping to suppress vibration in precious industrial equipment and transportation. Current vibration suppression strategies focus on improving the transformation mechanism for a specific environment. However, owing to space and power supply limitations, the implementation of energy recovery and adaptive vibration control remains a technical challenge. In this study, a random vibration suppression–energy harvesting coupling system (VS-EHCS) based on self-driven triboelectric sensing is developed. A magnetic-suspension-based energy harvester with a honeycomb structure is designed to enable energy harvesting and passive vibration suppression. Self-powered triboelectric sensors are integrated with the honeycomb to obtain vibration information. The energy harvester output and the sensor output are used as feedback for the adaptive signal tracking control algorithm, allowing a trade-off between active vibration suppression and energy harvesting. The proposed VS-EHCS achieves a vibration suppression efficiency of 96.2 % and peak power exceeding 200 mW under random vibrations of 15.9 g. These are sufficient to charge a 0.1 F super-capacitor to 5 V in 70 s. By combining self-driven monitoring, active-passive control, and energy harvesting, the VS-EHCS provides a new paradigm for efficient vibration suppression and energy recovery in variable-vibration environments.