Insect cuticle: A source of inspiration for biomimetic Interface material design

Insects represent one of the most ancient and diverse groups of organisms. Over 400 million years of evolution, their cuticles have evolved into highly optimized natural biomaterials that achieve a unique balance of lightweight structure, high strength, and elasticity. The remarkable properties of insect cuticles have inspired the development of biomimetic materials. In this review, we explore the structural organization, material properties, and key molecular components of insect cuticles, emphasizing their potential applications in both structural and molecular bionics. Special attention is given to areas such as protective coating, tissue engineering, and other biomaterials that demand exceptional elasticity or durability. Finally, we highlight future research directions on the molecular assembly mechanisms of insect cuticles, aiming to advance the design of high-performance, sustainable materials.