Inhibition of tumor growth via systemic siRNA delivery using reducible bile acid-conjugated polyethylenimine

RNA interference (RNAi), mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), has been considered as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer owing to its ability to suppress target genes in a sequence-specific manner. In this study, a conjugate of the low molecular weight (MW) polyethylenimine (PEI) (MW 1800) and deoxycholic acid (DA) was further modified with 4-fluorothiophenol (FTP) (TP-DA-PEI) to achieve systemic siRNA delivery. The thiophenol group would be involved with disulfide bonds between the polymer chains and siRNA modified with free thiols (thiol-siRNA) to form and π-π interactions between the pendent aromatic groups and coprostane ring of the bile acid. The TP-DA-PEI conjugates could generate stable nanoparticles with thiol-siRNA. The TP-DA-PEI conjugate not only achieved enhanced intracellular uptake, serum stability, and transfection efficiency, but also showed high accumulation of TP-DA-PEI/thiol-siRNA polyplexes and significant tumor growth inhibition effect in tumor-bearing mice after systemic administration.