Identifications of key thermodynamic parameters for Carnot battery based on SHAP model

Carnot battery is an emerging long-term energy storage technology with lower cost, larger capacity, and no geography restrictions, which is expected for largescale applications, promoting renewable energy consumption. However, the Carnot battery contains a HP unit, a heat storage unit, and an Organic Rankine Cycle unit, involving amounts of thermodynamic parameters that are coupled to each other. The importance and influence of thermodynamic parameters on power-topower efficiency are still unclear. Therefore, in this paper, the SHAP model is used to establish the analysis framework for the power-to-power efficiency of the Carnot battery. Firstly, heat pump evaporation temperature and Organic Rankine Cycle evaporation temperature are the two most important parameters. Their maximum importance is 0.80 and 0.58, respectively. Then, the most important thermodynamic parameter in different scenarios is analyzed. Finally, the influence rules of HP evaporation temperature and ORC evaporation temperature on power-to-power efficiency are studied. The results are of guiding significance for the parameter optimization and engineering application of the Carnot battery.