Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images Salient Object Detection: The First Benchmark Dataset and Baseline

The objective of hyperspectral remote sensing image salient object detection (HRSI-SOD) is to identify objects or regions that exhibit distinct spectrum contrasts with the background. This area holds significant promise for practical applications; however, progress has been limited by a notable scarcity of dedicated datasets and methodologies. To bridge this gap and stimulate further research, we introduce the first HRSI-SOD dataset, termed hyperspectral remote sensing saliency dataset (HRSSD), which includes 704 hyperspectral images (HSIs) and 5327 pixel-level annotated salient objects. The HRSSD dataset poses substantial challenges for SOD algorithms due to large-scale variation, diverse foreground-background relations, and multisalient objects. Additionally, we propose an innovative and efficient baseline model for HRSI-SOD, termed the deep spectral saliency network (DSSN). The core of DSSN is the cross-level saliency assessment block (CSAB), which performs pixel-wise attention and evaluates the contributions of multiscale similarity maps at each spatial location, effectively reducing erroneous responses in cluttered regions and emphasizes salient regions across scales. Additionally, the high-resolution fusion module (HRFM) combines bottom-up fusion strategy and learned spatial upsampling to leverage the strengths of multiscale saliency maps, ensuring accurate localization of small objects. Experiments on the HRSSD dataset robustly validate the superiority of DSSN, underscoring the critical need for specialized datasets and methodologies in this domain. Further evaluations on the HSOD-BIT and HS-SOD datasets demonstrate the generalizability of the proposed method.