Hybrid Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor based on two core-of fset attenuators and an abrupt taper in single-mode fiber

This study proposes a new hybrid Mach-Zehnder interferometric (MZI) sensor based on two core-offset attenuators and an abrupt taper in a single-mode fiber fabricated by a fiber-taper machine and electric arc discharge. When the distance between the two core-offset attenuators is stretched to 4500 m, significant interference signals are detected with a prominent attenuation peak of ~28 dB. The proposed MZI can be used to measure temperature due to its low refractive index (RI) and strain cross-sensitivity. The temperature sensitivity is 34.95±0.04 and 106.70±0.04 pm/°C in the temperature ranges of 14-250 and 250-1000°C, respectively.