High-performance MOF-based electromagnetic wave absorption materials: design and performance optimization

In recent years, the issue of increasing electromagnetic pollution has posed significant challenges for researchers in the field of electromagnetic dissipation, highlighting the urgent need for effective solutions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered considerable attention due to their compositional designability, large specific surface area, and tunable chemical structure, making them highly desirable precursors for electromagnetic wave absorption materials (EMWAMs). MOF-based EMWAMs exhibit remarkable performance advantages, such as lightweight properties, high loss capability, and a wide effective absorption bandwidth. These advantages are primarily attributed to their excellent impedance matching and multiple attenuation mechanisms. This paper provides a concise discussion on the relationship between the mechanisms and microstructure of EMWAMs. The research progress of MOF-based EMWAMs in recent years is reviewed, including the classification of MOF and MOF composite precursors, design principles and preparation methods. Finally, the problems, challenges and future opportunities of MOF-based EMWAMs are presented. We aim for this review to offer new insights into the design and fabrication of MOF-based EMWAMs, thereby enhancing both the fundamental understanding and practical application of these materials.