TY - JOUR
T1 - High P-doped hollow carbon spheres for rapid sodium storage and ultra-long cycling life
AU - Li, Wan
AU - Liu, Yiwei
AU - Zhao, Yiting
AU - Wang, Zhenhua
AU - Sun, Wang
AU - Sun, Kening
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025
PY - 2025/8/1
Y1 - 2025/8/1
N2 - The poor performance of carbon anode materials represents a significant obstacle impeding the development and application of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Phosphorus-doped carbon materials have attracted much attention as anodes due to their extensive interlayer spacing and robust adsorption capacity of Na+. Herein, we utilize the vapor-condensation method to conduct doping utilizing the diffusion of red phosphorus from the core to the periphery of the carbon spheres and thus obtain phosphorus-doped hollow carbon spheres (PHCs) with a phosphorus atom incorporation concentration of 5.02 at%. High phosphorus doping can potentially enlarge the interlayer spacing of carbon, accelerating the transmission of Na+. In addition, phosphorus doping enhances the adsorption energy of Na+. It introduces more active sites for storing more sodium, which helps to achieve high capacity and excellent rate performance. In particular, phosphorus-doped hollow carbon spheres exhibit an extraordinary performance of 147 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1, accompanied by remarkable cycling durability under ultrahigh current densities. It is noteworthy that after 9200 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1, the specific capacity of the battery remains consistently at 139 mA h g−1, highlighting the material's significant potential for long-term, high-performance SIBs.
AB - The poor performance of carbon anode materials represents a significant obstacle impeding the development and application of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Phosphorus-doped carbon materials have attracted much attention as anodes due to their extensive interlayer spacing and robust adsorption capacity of Na+. Herein, we utilize the vapor-condensation method to conduct doping utilizing the diffusion of red phosphorus from the core to the periphery of the carbon spheres and thus obtain phosphorus-doped hollow carbon spheres (PHCs) with a phosphorus atom incorporation concentration of 5.02 at%. High phosphorus doping can potentially enlarge the interlayer spacing of carbon, accelerating the transmission of Na+. In addition, phosphorus doping enhances the adsorption energy of Na+. It introduces more active sites for storing more sodium, which helps to achieve high capacity and excellent rate performance. In particular, phosphorus-doped hollow carbon spheres exhibit an extraordinary performance of 147 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1, accompanied by remarkable cycling durability under ultrahigh current densities. It is noteworthy that after 9200 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1, the specific capacity of the battery remains consistently at 139 mA h g−1, highlighting the material's significant potential for long-term, high-performance SIBs.
KW - Anodes
KW - High phosphorus-doped
KW - Hollow carbon spheres
KW - Sodium-ion batteries
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105004552056&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237300
DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237300
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105004552056
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 646
JO - Journal of Power Sources
JF - Journal of Power Sources
M1 - 237300
ER -