Harnessing the Volume Expansion of MoS₃ Anode by Structure Engineering to Achieve High Performance Beyond Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries

Beyond-lithium-ion storage devices are promising alternatives to lithium-ion storage devices for low-cost and large-scale applications. Nowadays, the most of high-capacity electrodes are crystal materials. However, these crystal materials with intrinsic anisotropy feature generally suffer from lattice strain and structure pulverization during the electrochemical process. Herein, a 2D heterostructure of amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoS₃) on reduced graphene surface (denoted as MoS₃-on-rGO), which exhibits low strain and fast reaction kinetics for beyond-lithium-ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Zn²⁺) storage is demonstrated. Benefiting from the low volume expansion and small sodiation strain of the MoS₃-on-rGO, it displays ultralong cycling performance of 40 000 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹ for sodium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the as-constructed 2D heterostructure also delivers superior electrochemical performance when used in Na⁺ full batteries, solid-state sodium batteries, K⁺ batteries, Zn²⁺ batteries and hybrid supercapacitors, demonstrating its excellent application prospect.