Gram-scale synthesis of simple cubic phase black phosphorus via shock-induced phase transformation: Mechanistic insights and process-dependent phase control

Simple cubic black phosphorus (BP) has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions. In this investigation, simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized through shock-induced phase transformation, utilizing amorphous red phosphorus as the precursor material. The phase evolution process was systematically investigated using plane shock loading apparatus, with shock pressure and temperature parameters being precisely controlled to optimize transformation kinetics. Comprehensive phase characterization revealed the correlation between thermodynamic loading profiles and cubic BP formation efficiency. Precursor modification strategies were implemented through orthorhombic BP utilization, resulting in enhanced cubic phase yield and crystallinity. The synthesized cubic BP variants are considered promising candidates for advanced protective material systems, particularly where combinations of mechanical resilience and thermal stability are required under extreme operational conditions. This research provides critical insights into shock-induced phase transformation mechanics, while establishing foundational protocols for manufacturing non-equilibrium materials with potential applications in next-generation defensive technologies.