Functional electrospinning Janus dressings with asymmetric surface wettability

The Janus structure with asymmetric wettability has unique unidirectional water transport properties, which can be utilized to manage moisture in the wound and subsequently help the wound heal. Electrospinning technology allows flexible control of the thickness and pore size of nanofibers, and through the selection of different wettability materials, the desired Janus dressings can be prepared in a highly controllable manner. The preparation of Janus dressings using electrostatic spinning technology is receiving increasing attention. However, a comprehensive review of functional Janus dressings is lacking. This paper introduces the preparation method of Janus dressing based on electrospinning and discusses the liquid transport mechanism and influencing factors. The combination of Janus structure dressings with the function of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative, angiogenesis, stimulus-responsive, wound monitoring, electrical stimulation, and hemostatic are summarized and discussed. Finally, this review identifies the remaining challenges and recommendations for future research.