Abstract
The radiation efficiency and gain of all-metal antennas are critically influenced by their geometric design, particularly the cross-sectional and axial configurations, due to the conductive losses governed by the frequency-dependent skin effect. This study numerically investigates these effects through computational simulations of one-quarter-wavelength monopole antennas—common in vehicular applications—using a dedicated MATLAB-based Method-of-Moments (MoM) solver. Unlike idealised perfect electric conductor (PEC) models, we analyse practical copper-based square-rod monopoles with finite conductivity, evaluating their performance for devices across an ultra-wideband spectrum (1 kHz–200 GHz) relevant to emerging wireless and 5G/6G vehicular systems. Our analysis quantifies metallic losses, computational limitations of MoM solvers at extreme frequencies, and trade-offs in antenna design for mobile platforms. The results provide key insights into conductor loss trends and numerical modelling challenges, offering guidelines for optimising antenna efficiency in high-frequency regimes.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 5149-5157 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Engineering Letters |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue number | 12 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Dec 2025 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- 5G/6G communications
- Antennas
- computational electromagnetics
- conductive loss
- finite conductivity modelling
- Method of Moments
- mmWave communications
- monopole antennas
- skin effect