Field distribution and propagation property of HE₁₁ mode in hollow optical fibers

Based on the vector model of Maxwell's equations, the electromagnetic field distribution of HE₁₁ mode in a hollow optical fiber was accurately calculated, and the mode propagation characteristics of HE₁₁ mode with different incidence lights and fiber parameters in hollow optical fibers were discussed. The results show that the intensity distribution of HE₁₁ mode is a dark hollow one. The phases of the two electric-field radial components E_r and E_φ are uniform, but the phases of the two magnetic-field radial components E_r and E_φ are reversed. By using the different incidence lights, the evanescent waves in the hollow region show the same, but the electromagnetic field distributions represent remarkable differences in the region of the core and cladding. Besides that, the differences of the core thickness and relative refractive index between the core and the cladding only result in a change of the evanescent wave's electromagnetic field distributions in the hollow region, but the differences of the fiber radii can remarkably change the maximum field amplitude of the evanescent wave in the hollow region. The atomic guiding with evanescent wave can be used to study atom gyroscope for atomic split.