Fabrication of biomimetic bone structures controlled by vortex and Multi-Polarized femtosecond laser

In this paper, we present a method for fabricating biomimetic bone structures using optimized vortex light. Conventional fabrication techniques have been constrained by production rules, limiting the complexity of achievable structures. Our method leverages the phase separation bubble phenomenon that occurs in PEGDA-NIPAM precursor solutions under femtosecond laser irradiation to process bone structures. By employing vortex rotation optimized for multiple polarizations, we controlled the generation, stabilization, and rupture of bubbles, thereby repairing local defects caused by liquid-phase separation. This approach facilitates the manufacturing of submicron biomimetic bone structures, which exhibit higher structural resolution and more stable pore distribution compared to previously reported bone repair materials. This research introduces a novel method for processing micro/nano biomimetic bone structures using femtosecond laser technology, highlighting the potential of femtosecond lasers in the fabrication of complex micro/nano-scale biomimetic structures.