Extraction of state-resolved information from systems with a fractional number of electrons within the framework of time-dependent density functional theory

The determination of the state-resolved physical information within the framework of time-dependent density functional theory has remained a widely open question. We demonstrated the ability to extract the state-resolved probability from the knowledge of only the time-dependent density, which has been used as the basic variable within the time-dependent density functional theory, with the help of state-resolved single-electron capture experiments for collisions of protons on helium in the energy range of 2-100 keV/amu. The present theoretical results for capture into states of H(1s), H(2s), and H(2p) are in good agreement with the most sophisticated experimental results of H⁺ + He(1s²) system, validating our approach and numerical implementation.