Extraction and separation of antitumor components from Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr. ) Karst.

Objective:To examine the variation of alcohol extraction rates of Ganoderma lucidum spores with different rates of wall-wrack, and analyze the antitumor components of alcohol extract by chromatography. Method:The G. lucidum spores were soaked and extracted with absolute alcohol. The alcohol extract was chromatographed on a silica gel column and HPLC in proper order, and the antitumor activity of every eluted fraction was represented by its cytotoxicity towards Hela cells. Result:Extraction rates 5%, 25% and 33% corresponded to wall-wrack rates 0%, 60% ∼80% and 99% respectively. The alcohol extract from spores with the highest wall-wrack rate was chromatographed on a silica gel column, eluting successfully with CHCl₃, EtOAc and CH₃OH in order. The CHCl₃ fraction had not any antitumor activity, while this activity of CH₃OH fraction was 34 times greater than that of EtOAc fraction. HPLC analysis found out that two mixtures (II₁ and II₃) possess significant antitumor activity in vitro. Conclusion: The weight of alcohol extract from spores with wall-wrack was far greater than that of spores without. The antitumor components of G. lucidum spores could be analyzed with methanol-water on a reverse HPLC.