Explosive sintering mechanism and heterogeneous interface construction in titanium-based black phosphorus nanocomposites

This study demonstrates the fabrication of titanium-based black phosphorus (Ti-BP) nanocomposites with architected graded heterogeneous structures via the synergistic integration of high-energy ball milling and explosive sintering. Experimental evidence reveals that, under shockwave loading characterized by 7.5 GPa dynamic pressure and ultrahigh strain rates, titanium particles undergo adiabatic shear-induced plastic flow. This process triggers the preferential slip and reorganization of BP nanosheets along the (001) crystallographic plane, yielding a graphene-like layered architecture. Microstructural characterization confirms that dynamic recrystallization effectively suppresses titanium grain coarsening, while lattice distortion within the orthorhombic BP phase enhances interfacial electron coupling. The resultant composites exhibit exceptional comprehensive mechanical performance, attributed to the spatially interlocked metallic/non-metallic architecture and multiscale synergistic strengthening mechanisms. This work establishes an innovative processing paradigm and theoretical foundation for designing advanced structural materials capable of withstanding extreme service conditions.