Establishing an oblique impact breakage master curve using a DEM bonded contact model

This paper aims to establish a breakage master curve of oblique impact using a DEM bonded contact model. Despite numerous advantages of particle impact breakage by DEM, there exist two major issues in hindering the distinct power of DEM with a fully predictive capacity. The first barrier is the notable discrepancy of breakage probability evaluation, i.e. breakage ratio in experiments and damage ratio in DEM. The second barrier is the lack of an oblique impact model where the breakage probability subject to various impact angles can be unified. In this work, these two longstanding barriers are addressed by conducting digital twin of impact breakage using a DEM bonded contact model. A newly developed oblique impact model is used to account for the effect of impact angle. The equivalent velocity proposed in the oblique impact model is shown to successfully establish a remarkable breakage master curve for all the impact angles.