Abstract
Sodium niobate (NaNbO3)-based lead-free ceramics have been actively studied for energy storage applications because of their antiferroelectric and/or relaxor features achieved in modified systems. The P-E loops of NaNbO3-based ceramics are usually hysteretic because of the existence of a metastable ferroelectric phase at room temperature. In this study, by introducing aliovalent cations and A-site vacancies, the relaxor characteristics are greatly enhanced in (Na1-2xBix)(Nb1-xZrx)O3 ceramics, leading to a high energy storage efficiency of above 90%. In addition, sintering aid CuO and a special ramp-to-spike sintering profile were employed to decrease the sintering temperature and reduce the grain size. The modified ceramic exhibits improved insulating properties and hence a higher breakdown strength, leading to a high recoverable energy density of 4.9 J/cm3 and a high energy efficiency of 88% at 430 kV/cm. The ceramic also exhibits satisfactory temperature stability over a wide temperature range from 25 to 125 °C and charge-discharge performance, making it a promising candidate for high-power dielectric energy storage applications.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 32834-32841 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 29 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 22 Jul 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- energy efficiency
- energy storage
- ramp-to-spike
- relaxor
- sintering
- sodium niobate
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