Energetic salts based on an oxygen-containing cation: 2,4-diamino-1,3,5- triazine-6-one

A family of energetic salts with high thermal stability and low impact sensitivity based on an oxygen-containing cation, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-6- one, were synthesized and fully characterized by IR and multinuclear ( ¹H, ¹³C) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Insights into their sensitivities towards impact, friction, and electrostatics were gained by submitting the materials to standard tests. The structures of 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-6-one nitrate, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-6-one sulfate, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-6-one perchlorate, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-6-one 5-nitrotetrazolate were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; their densities are 1.691, 1.776, 1.854, and 1.636 g cm^-3, respectively. Most of the salts decompose at temperatures over 180 °C; in particular, the salts 2,4-diamino-1,3,5- triazine-6-one nitrate and 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-6-one perchlorate, which decompose at 303.3 and 336.4 °C, respectively, are fairly stable. Furthermore, most of the salts exhibit excellent impact sensitivities (>40 J), friction sensitivities (>360 N), and are insensitive to electrostatics. The measured densities of these energetic salts range from 1.64 to 2.01 g cm^-3. The detonation pressure values calculated for these salts range from 14.6 to 29.2 GPa, and the detonation velocities range from 6536 to 8275 m s^-1; these values make the salts potential candidates for thermally stable and insensitive energetic materials.