Enabling a 16K high-resolution large-sized holographic display system

The spatial multiplexing technique using multiple spatial light modulators is an effective scheme to improve the space-bandwidth product (SBP) of holographic display systems. However, due to these challenges, such as complexity, high cost, and limited data transmission bandwidth, the implementation of ultra-high resolution for sufficient SBP presents bottlenecks. To overcome these problems, we propose a synergistic hardware–software method to achieve 16K amplitude-only holographic display using only a single liquid crystal display (LCD). In the proposed method, only need to generate and transmit the precoding data which is eight times smaller than the original required data, so that holograms with ultra-high resolution can be directly obtained on LCD through data replication and extension based on the extended mapping technique (EMT). Meanwhile, to counteract amplitude errors introduced by extension and LCD non-idealities, we develop a least-squares pre-encoding method (LSPM) to pre-optimize the input hologram via least-squares inversion, ensuring high-fidelity wavefront reconstruction. Demonstrated experimentally, the combined EMT and LSPM framework achieves, for the first time, to our knowledge, a 16K holographic display with SBP of 9.42 × 10⁷ using a single commercial LCD panel.