Emission Factors and Preliminary Emission Estimates of Air Pollutants from Ships at Berth in the Guangzhou Port

Three large container vessels over a tonnage of 40×10³ t at berth in the Guangzhou Port were selected for determination of air pollutants in exhausts from auxiliary engines to obtain fuel-based emission factors (EFs). The fuel-based EFs for vessels A, B, and C at berth were 3 096, 3 031, and 3 028 g·kg^-1, respectively, for CO₂; 61.8, 19.9, and 27.0 g·kg^-1 for NO_x; 8.0, 4.0, and 5.3 g·kg^-1 for CO; 31.4, 41.9, and 56.7 g·kg^-1 for SO₂; 2.4, 1.1, and 1.5 g·kg^-1 for PM_2.5; and 0.13, 0.09, and 0.17 g·kg^-1 for VOCs. With the basic information about ship types, arrival times, and berthing times, the emissions of NO_x, CO, SO₂, PM_2.5, and NH₃ from a ship at berth in the Guangzhou Port in 2014 were roughly estimated to be 1 231, 226, 1 229, 47.6 and 0.04 t, respectively, with ships with a tonnage of 10×10³-50×10³ t sharing the largest burdens, followed by ships over a tonnage of 50×10³ t. Estimated emission of VOCs from ships at berth in the Guangzhou Port was about 33.6 t, with vessels below a tonnage of 3×10³ t contributing the most.