Efficient Uplink Doppler and Clock Drift Pre-Compensation for High-Dynamics LEO–Hypersonic Vehicle Communication Links

Dynamic high-mobility communication links between Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites and hypersonic vehicles experience extreme multi-kilohertz Doppler shifts and significant clock drifts, posing critical challenges beyond conventional receiver acquisition capabilities. This paper introduces an advanced architectural framework for joint Doppler and clock-drift precorrection in high-dynamics LEO–hypersonic vehicle uplinks. First, a dual-model orbit predictor combines a single Simplified General Perturbations No. 4 (SGP4) analytic step with a low-cost two-body Runge–Kutta integrator, achieving rapid cold-start and high-rate updates while cutting propagation workload. Next, we map along-track orbit errors into an equivalent orbital time offset and design a linear joint least-squares estimator to decouple and estimate both this time offset and the terminal’s clock drift from downlink Doppler residuals. Leveraging the Doppler factor refined by the equivalent time-offset correction and estimated clock drift, we derive an uplink frequency pre-compensation term with markedly higher accuracy. Simulations with Iridium-119 ephemerides demonstrate that the proposed method suppresses peak Doppler-prediction error ≈ 85% reduction, retains accuracy under downlink-noise levels up to 50 Hz, and still shortens runtime by 61.9%–outperforming direct-ratio and clock-drift-only baselines while remaining suitable for resource-limited on-board processors in future non-terrestrial networks.