Effective Velocity Calculation Method in Passive Synthetic Aperture for Emitter Localization

Emitter localization has been an active research subject in electronic reconnaissance, target tracking, emergency response, and satellite interference source localization. Recently, researchers applied passive synthetic aperture in the emitter localization to improve the positioning accuracy. Passive synthetic aperture uses Doppler rate and zero Doppler point to target range and azimuth locations, respectively. In spaceborne model, effective satellite velocity is used in the range equation to fit the passive synthetic aperture model. Therefore, this study proposed a convex optimization approach to calculate the effective satellite velocity. We established an objective function by calculating the relationship among beam footprint velocity, satellite velocity, and effective satellite velocity. The optimal effective satellite velocity and range distance are obtained through iterating different range distances. Finally, the experimental results show that the positioning accuracy of proposed method is one order of magnitude higher than that of traditional FOA and FDOA method.