Dynamic Vectorial Holographic Display With Electrically Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal-Integrated Metasurface

Static metasurfaces enable versatile wavefront manipulation but inherently lack post-fabrication tunability, limiting their use in dynamic optical systems. Integrating liquid crystals (LCs) with metasurfaces offers a promising route toward reconfigurability; however, achieving efficient, multi-channel dynamic control over vectorial light fields remains challenging. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an electrically reconfigurable LC–metasurface hybrid device for dynamic vectorial holography. Our design employs an iterative optimization algorithm to generate complex holographic images with spatially variant polarization states. The metasurface is integrated with a nematic LC cell, enabling dynamic modulation of the incident polarization state via an applied voltage. As a result, distinct vectorial holograms can be electrically switched without mechanical moving parts. We experimentally demonstrate a 16-channel Greek alphabet display. With high polarization conversion efficiency, compact footprint, and broad operational bandwidth, this platform holds promise for next-generation displays, optical encryption, and LiDAR.