Donor-Acceptor Organic Electrode Materials: Regulating Molecular Orbital Energy Levels Toward Efficient Dual-Ion Storage

Organic electrode materials (OEMs)-based Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) have emerged as next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high operational voltage, environmental benignity, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional OEMs remain constrained by poor conductivity and insufficient active sites, resulting in inadequate energy/power density for practical applications. This concept focuses on the design and implementation of donor-acceptor (D-A) structured organic electrodes, with a comprehensive review of their performance optimization mechanisms and research advancements in DIBs. Molecular D-A engineering enables precise modulation of electronic structures, energy-level alignment, and charge transport pathways, substantially enhancing electrode redox activity, conductivity, and ion storage kinetics. Finally, the future research directions of DIBs and system compatibility studies are prospected, and a theoretical framework and technical roadmaps for the development of high-energy/power-density organic DIBs are presented.