Discrete element simulation of discharge behavior in an asymmetric hopper: Insights on particle flow pattern, jamming and mass flow rate

Hopper is an essential vessel for storing and transporting burden materials. Numerous studies have focused on the particle flow pattern and mass flow rate (MFR) within a symmetric hopper. However, there is still a lack of research on the effect of asymmetric hopper configuration on discharge behavior. In this work, the effects of asymmetric configuration and particle size distribution on particle flow pattern and MFR during discharge are examined. Moreover, the micro-jamming mechanism and physical characteristics of arch are also investigated. Results illustrate that particles within cone part of the asymmetric hopper exhibit significant velocity variations, which prevents the formation of stable contact force chains. To accurately quantify mass flow rate, a modified Beverloo equation is used and a relative mean error (RME) of 4 % for monodisperse systems and 9 % for polydisperse systems are obtained in comparison with DEM simulation results.