Development of areal-level individualized homologous functional parcellations in youth

Individualized functional brain networks from childhood to adolescence undergo varying patterns of maturation, associated with higher-order cognition outcomes. However, the developmental trajectory patterns based on homologous areal-level brain parcellations remain elusive. Here, we developed an individualized homologous functional parcellation technique (IHFP) to map brain functional development using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Development study (N = 591) aged 8–21 years. We delineate developmental trajectories based on areal-level homologous parcellations of resting-state functional connectivity. We found functional features during adolescence exhibit unique developmental trajectories, such as global mean functional connectivity with a widespread decrease across cerebral cortex. Then, we matched areal-level parcellations into large-scale networks and demonstrated that higher-order transmodal networks exhibited higher variability between developmental trajectories in areal-level parcels. We reveal that IHFPs possess a stronger capability for creating more homogeneous parcels in individuals, consequently showing a higher accuracy in predicting cognition behaviors. Together, these results establish the fine-grained areal-level functional homologous parcellations in adolescent development and will facilitate the understanding of human brain function more precisely.