TY - JOUR
T1 - Development and characterization of kevlar and glass fibers reinforced epoxy/vinyl ester hybrid resin composites
AU - Ahmad, Hammad
AU - Shah, Atta Ur Rehman
AU - Afaq, S. Kamran
AU - Azad, Muhammad Muzammil
AU - Arif, Saad
AU - Siddiqi, Muftooh Ur Rehman
AU - Xie, Lijing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Society of Plastics Engineers.
PY - 2024/6/20
Y1 - 2024/6/20
N2 - This research investigates the influence of kevlar and glass fiber reinforcements on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/vinyl ester (hybrid resin) composite. The hybrid resin was synthesized by achieving an interpenetrating network between epoxy and vinyl ester. The composites were characterized using tensile, flexural, impact, and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze surface morphology whereas Fourier-Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to investigate the possible interaction between the constituents of the composites. The findings have shown a notable improvement in the mechanical properties after the hybridization of the resin. For reference, the tensile strength of glass/hybrid resin and kevlar/hybrid resin composites were observed to increase by 8.33% and 23.65%, as compared to glass/epoxy and kevlar epoxy composites respectively, whereas, the bending strength of these composites was improved by 8.36% and 30.61%, respectively. TGA also showed an enhanced thermal stability of the hybrid resin-based composites. Such improvements are noticed due to multi-resin incorporation (the oxirane group of epoxy reacts with the hydroxyl group of vinyl ester), confirmed by the FTIR, TGA, and morphological analysis. This study signifies that the proposed hybrid composites are better in terms of strength and modulus relative to conventional metallic materials. Highlights: The paper presents the development of novel hybrid resin, reinforced with synthetic fibers. Hybrid resin is imparted positively and is highly favorable in improving the mechanical properties of composites. The tensile strength of novel composites is increased by 8.33% and 23.65% relative to their base specimens, and a similar trend is observed in flexural and impact analysis. Fractured analysis showed that composite laminates deteriorated more intensely due to cohesive matrix fracture; adhesion failure was not observed at all, as evidenced by the emergence of micro-cracks in resin. Developed novel composites exhibited maximum thermal stability; residual char in glass/epoxy/vinyl-ester composite attained 17.81% higher, whereas kevlar/epoxy/vinyl-ester achieved 3.56% relative to glass/epoxy and kevlar/epoxy base samples.
AB - This research investigates the influence of kevlar and glass fiber reinforcements on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/vinyl ester (hybrid resin) composite. The hybrid resin was synthesized by achieving an interpenetrating network between epoxy and vinyl ester. The composites were characterized using tensile, flexural, impact, and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze surface morphology whereas Fourier-Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to investigate the possible interaction between the constituents of the composites. The findings have shown a notable improvement in the mechanical properties after the hybridization of the resin. For reference, the tensile strength of glass/hybrid resin and kevlar/hybrid resin composites were observed to increase by 8.33% and 23.65%, as compared to glass/epoxy and kevlar epoxy composites respectively, whereas, the bending strength of these composites was improved by 8.36% and 30.61%, respectively. TGA also showed an enhanced thermal stability of the hybrid resin-based composites. Such improvements are noticed due to multi-resin incorporation (the oxirane group of epoxy reacts with the hydroxyl group of vinyl ester), confirmed by the FTIR, TGA, and morphological analysis. This study signifies that the proposed hybrid composites are better in terms of strength and modulus relative to conventional metallic materials. Highlights: The paper presents the development of novel hybrid resin, reinforced with synthetic fibers. Hybrid resin is imparted positively and is highly favorable in improving the mechanical properties of composites. The tensile strength of novel composites is increased by 8.33% and 23.65% relative to their base specimens, and a similar trend is observed in flexural and impact analysis. Fractured analysis showed that composite laminates deteriorated more intensely due to cohesive matrix fracture; adhesion failure was not observed at all, as evidenced by the emergence of micro-cracks in resin. Developed novel composites exhibited maximum thermal stability; residual char in glass/epoxy/vinyl-ester composite attained 17.81% higher, whereas kevlar/epoxy/vinyl-ester achieved 3.56% relative to glass/epoxy and kevlar/epoxy base samples.
KW - glass fiber
KW - hybrid resin
KW - kevlar fiber
KW - mechanical properties
KW - polymer composites
KW - surface morphology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85188714059&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/pc.28329
DO - 10.1002/pc.28329
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85188714059
SN - 0272-8397
VL - 45
SP - 8133
EP - 8146
JO - Polymer Composites
JF - Polymer Composites
IS - 9
ER -