Determination of the key parameters of VOCs emitted from multi-layer leather furniture using a region traversal approach

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from indoor materials and products are one of the main factors affecting air quality and human health. Compared with building materials and wooden furniture, leather furniture has a more complex internal structure and uneven emission surfaces. The market share of leather furniture is relatively high, while investigation on this kind of furniture is relatively rare. In this study, we develop a region traversal method to measure the three key parameters of VOC emissions from typical two-layer leather furniture, i.e., the initial emittable concentration, the diffusion coefficient, and the partition coefficient. A series of experiments examining VOC emissions from a leather sofa under different conditions, were carried out in a 1 m³ chamber. This method locks the upper and lower limits of an optimal solution through loop calculation in parameter intervals, and demonstrates high accuracy, efficiency and robustness. The good agreement (R² > 0.95) between model predictions and experimental data confirms the reliability of this method. In addition, the influence of temperature and air exchange rate on the key parameters is explored. Results indicate that, increasing the temperature leads to an increase in D_m and a decrease in K, and that air exchange rate does not affect the key parameters, which is consistent with physical principles. The region traversal method is further applied to analyze the emission scenarios for other furniture, which is very helpful for indoor air quality pre-evaluation.