Control of arc behavior and temperature field distribution in TIG welding of carbon steel under transverse magnetic fields

This study explores the influence of transverse magnetic fields on arc deflection and temperature field distribution during Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding of carbon steel. A three-dimensional coupled magnetic-thermal finite element model was established to simulate heat transfer and arc behavior under varying magnetic field intensities (0 - 5 mT). The results demonstrate that transverse magnetic fields can effectively steer the welding arc, modify the heat input distribution, and produce asymmetric temperature fields. These effects enable finer control over weld morphology, including bead width and penetration depth. Simulation results were validated against experimental data, showing a strong correlation. This research offers theoretical insights and a process-level foundation for optimizing TIG welding through magnetic field modulation.