Construction of furazan-isofurazan-tetrazole energetic skeleton and synthesis of nitrogen-rich low-sensitivity energetic compounds

AbstarctHigh energy, low sensitivity, and easy preparation have long been the core objectives in the synthesis of energetic materials. Herein, a novel strategy for constructing furazan-isofurazan-tetrazole energetic skeletons was developed using low-cost and readily available 3-amino-4-aminooximofurazan (AAOF) as the starting material. Based on the reactivity of amino and hydroxyl groups in AAOF, a series of nitrogen-rich and low-sensitivity energetic compounds were synthesized for the first time, including nitro-, azido- and hydroxytetrazol- substituted compounds. The chemical structures and energetic properties of all π-conjugated compounds were fully characterized and evaluated by NMR, IR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), etc. Several compounds achieved a favorable balance between energy performance and safety sensitivity, endowing them with promising application prospects in liquid plasticizers and melt-cast explosives.