Connotation, architecture and trends of product digital twin

Digital twin technology is considered as the core and crucial technology to fulfill cyber-physical systems. Product digital twin is one of applications of digital twin technology in the process of product development. However, the research on it is still in its infancy and there are only few unsystematic research findings presented. The concept of digital twin technology based on review of digital twin background and the architecture for product digital twin based on systematic analysis of its connotation were proposed. The implementation approach of product digital twin in the stage of product design, manufacturing and service was investigated. The evolving trends of product digital twin concerning its features in the future were predicted.