Comparison of monitoring gas evolution in commercial Li-ion batteries: Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry versus operando internal non-destructive gas sensors

Siqi Lyu; Kai Lun Zhang; Yaoda Xin; Na Li; Xiao Hua Guo; Zhen Liang; Yannan Zhang; Hao Sen Chen; Wei Li Song

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2025.142284

Comparison of monitoring gas evolution in commercial Li-ion batteries: Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry versus operando internal non-destructive gas sensors

Siqi Lyu
, Kai Lun Zhang
, Yaoda Xin
, Na Li^*
, Xiao Hua Guo
, Zhen Liang
, Yannan Zhang
, Hao Sen Chen
, Wei Li Song

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) face capacity degradation and safety risks from internal gas evolution. This study compares differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and in-situ non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensors for monitoring gas in graphite/NMC811 batteries. DEMS enables real-time gas detection but relies on carrier gases and causes 49.7 % capacity loss in small cells. NDIR sensors in 800 mAh pouch cells offer continuous, non-destructive monitoring with <1 % capacity loss, detecting gas accumulation and consumption. NDIR proves robust for operando gas monitoring in high-capacity LIBs, aiding failure mechanism analysis and safety improvement.

Original language	English
Article number	142284
Journal	Chemical Physics Letters
Volume	876
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2025.142284
Publication status	Published - Oct 2025
Externally published	Yes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Capacity degradation
Gas evolution
In-situ battery sensing
lithium-ion battery

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10.1016/j.cplett.2025.142284

Cite this

Lyu, S., Zhang, K. L., Xin, Y., Li, N., Guo, X. H., Liang, Z., Zhang, Y., Chen, H. S., & Song, W. L. (2025). Comparison of monitoring gas evolution in commercial Li-ion batteries: Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry versus operando internal non-destructive gas sensors. Chemical Physics Letters, 876, Article 142284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2025.142284

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title = "Comparison of monitoring gas evolution in commercial Li-ion batteries: Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry versus operando internal non-destructive gas sensors",

abstract = "Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) face capacity degradation and safety risks from internal gas evolution. This study compares differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and in-situ non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensors for monitoring gas in graphite/NMC811 batteries. DEMS enables real-time gas detection but relies on carrier gases and causes 49.7 \% capacity loss in small cells. NDIR sensors in 800 mAh pouch cells offer continuous, non-destructive monitoring with <1 \% capacity loss, detecting gas accumulation and consumption. NDIR proves robust for operando gas monitoring in high-capacity LIBs, aiding failure mechanism analysis and safety improvement.",

keywords = "Capacity degradation, Gas evolution, In-situ battery sensing, lithium-ion battery",

author = "Siqi Lyu and Zhang, \{Kai Lun\} and Yaoda Xin and Na Li and Guo, \{Xiao Hua\} and Zhen Liang and Yannan Zhang and Chen, \{Hao Sen\} and Song, \{Wei Li\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025",

year = "2025",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.cplett.2025.142284",

language = "English",

volume = "876",

journal = "Chemical Physics Letters",

issn = "0009-2614",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Comparison of monitoring gas evolution in commercial Li-ion batteries

T2 - Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry versus operando internal non-destructive gas sensors

AU - Lyu, Siqi

AU - Zhang, Kai Lun

AU - Xin, Yaoda

AU - Li, Na

AU - Guo, Xiao Hua

AU - Liang, Zhen

AU - Zhang, Yannan

AU - Chen, Hao Sen

AU - Song, Wei Li

PY - 2025/10

Y1 - 2025/10

N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) face capacity degradation and safety risks from internal gas evolution. This study compares differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and in-situ non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensors for monitoring gas in graphite/NMC811 batteries. DEMS enables real-time gas detection but relies on carrier gases and causes 49.7 % capacity loss in small cells. NDIR sensors in 800 mAh pouch cells offer continuous, non-destructive monitoring with <1 % capacity loss, detecting gas accumulation and consumption. NDIR proves robust for operando gas monitoring in high-capacity LIBs, aiding failure mechanism analysis and safety improvement.

AB - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) face capacity degradation and safety risks from internal gas evolution. This study compares differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and in-situ non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensors for monitoring gas in graphite/NMC811 batteries. DEMS enables real-time gas detection but relies on carrier gases and causes 49.7 % capacity loss in small cells. NDIR sensors in 800 mAh pouch cells offer continuous, non-destructive monitoring with <1 % capacity loss, detecting gas accumulation and consumption. NDIR proves robust for operando gas monitoring in high-capacity LIBs, aiding failure mechanism analysis and safety improvement.

KW - Capacity degradation

KW - Gas evolution

KW - In-situ battery sensing

KW - lithium-ion battery

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105010212147

U2 - 10.1016/j.cplett.2025.142284

DO - 10.1016/j.cplett.2025.142284

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105010212147

SN - 0009-2614

VL - 876

JO - Chemical Physics Letters

JF - Chemical Physics Letters

M1 - 142284

ER -

Comparison of monitoring gas evolution in commercial Li-ion batteries: Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry versus operando internal non-destructive gas sensors

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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