Cloud-based control systems: towards the control architecture in cloud computing era

In the era of cloud computing, CCSs emerge as an effective control solution to meet the demands of complex systems. Leveraging services such as big data, cloud computing, and cloud storage, coupled with advanced control methods, CCSs efficiently facilitate the modeling, planning, scheduling, control, and decision-making processes of complex systems. Currently, the research on CCSs is in its early stages, with numerous meaningful questions awaiting exploration. Furthermore, the integration of the so-called dynamic cloud and its CCSs with the space-air-ground-ocean cross-domain collaborative system expands the research scopes of CCSs, which will play a crucial role in both the national economy and defense sectors.