Application of novel biosensors for detecting biomarkers of community-acquired pneumonia in children

Compared to adults, the diagnosis and management of pneumonia in children present greater complexity and challenges, attributable to children's distinct anatomical structure, incompletely developed immune function, and immature neuroendocrine system. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in pediatric populations is primarily associated with biomarkers such as viral markers, bacterial markers, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific indicators. However, global disparities in economic development and medical resource allocation hinder timely diagnosis and intervention for CAP. To address this issue, researchers are increasingly focusing on the development of rapid, user-friendly biosensor technologies for detecting these biomarkers. Biosensors have demonstrated significant potential in disease identification due to their high sensitivity, portability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of miniaturization. They serve as powerful tools for real-time detection of biomarkers linked to CAP in children while also enabling the creation of diagnostic devices that provide rapid results. This review provides a concise overview of recent advancements in biosensor technology and its classifications relevant to biomarkers associated with pediatric CAP. It evaluates the application of novel biosensors in identifying biomarkers related to CAP, addresses the technical limitations of existing detection methods, and outlines future directions for further progress.