Application of Biosensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks, Metal-Organic Frameworks, and their Composites in Biomedical Detection

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), as novel porous crystalline materials, have demonstrated unique advantages in the field of biomedical detection in recent years. This study provides a concise overview of design strategies for biosensors based on COFs and MOFs, as well as their complexes. It also highlights the latest applications of these biosensors in the detection of microorganisms, nucleic acids, small molecules, and protein biomarkers. Through specific case studies, the roles and sensing mechanisms of these porous framework materials in various innovative designs are explored. Finally, based on novel COFs, MOFs, and MOF/COF composites in biomedical detection applications, this study synthesizes and deliberates on the challenges and future directions of biological and chemical sensors.